紅色和黃色是秋天的代表顏色，但除了red和yellow之外，還能用什麼詞匯描述這兩種色調？我們整理了10個關于秋色的表達， feuille morte（枯葉黃）、amber（琥珀色）、gamboge（藤黃）……學會這些單詞，你也可以寫出詩般優美的句子了。
1. Feuille morte [f j-m ]
枯葉黃
In French, the term literally means "dead leaf." In English, feuille morte refers specifically to a brownish-orange or yellowish-brown color. The synonymous derivative, philamot, can also be used to describe the brownish, yellowish colors in autumn foliage.
Feuille morte（枯葉黃）在法語中的意思是“枯葉”。在英語中，feuille morte專指橙褐色或黃褐色。其同義詞philamot，也可以用來描述褐色、黃色的秋葉。
2. Sepia [sepja]
深棕色
In modern English, sepia is best known as the name for the brownish tone that makes photographs look vintage. Sepia hues can be found in an autumn leaf—and in the ocean.
在現代英語中，sepia為人熟知的意思是指復古照片的棕色調。秋葉和海洋中就有這種顏色。
Originally, the word was applied to the cuttlefish, a creature related to the squid and octopus that, when alarmed, releases an inky secretion. In the 19th century, watercolor painters began using sepia secretion to create a rich, brown pigment, which became known as sepia. A common description of the color is brownish gray to dark olive brown.
Sepia的本意指墨魚，這種生物和烏賊、章魚屬于同類，受到驚嚇時，會釋放出一種污黑的分泌物。19世紀時，水彩畫家們開始用墨魚的分泌物制作色彩濃厚的棕色顏料，稱之為sepia。對這種顏色最普遍的描述是介于棕灰色和深橄欖棕色之間的一種顏色。
3. Russet [ r s t]
紅棕色
Being a reddish brown, russet is a popular fall color. Its name is a borrowing of an Anglo-French adjective, meaning "reddish" or "reddish-brown," that came to designate a coarse, homespun cloth used to make garments. English borrowed the French term for the cloth in the 13th century before using it in its color sense.
Russet指紅棕色，是一種常見的秋天代表色。這個單詞是諾曼時代英國所用法語中的一個形容詞，原意為“略帶紅色的”或“略帶紅棕色的”，指代一種粗糙的土布衣料。13世紀時，人們將這個法語單詞引入英語中，之後取其色彩含義使用。
Association of the word with rural living led to its use as an adjective meaning "rustic," "homely," and "simple."
因為russet和鄉村生活有關，因此也可以做形容詞表示“樸素的”、“家常的”、“簡單的”意思。
4. Amber [ mb ]
琥珀色
Amber can describe the dark orange-yellow color of a floating leaf or a substance found floating in the sea. It is derived from Arabic, anbar, which refers to ambergris, a waxy secretion of the sperm whale that is used as a spice and in perfumery. In English, amber was originally used as the name for this substance, with the name ambergris developing later in French from ambre and gris ("gray") to differentiate it from the fossilized tree resin type of amber, which is also found around the shore (of the Baltic Sea, largely).
Amber（琥珀色）可以用來形容暗橘色的浮葉，或者海上的漂浮物。這個單詞源于阿拉伯語中的anbar，指的是一種制作香料和香水的原材料——龍涎香（抹香鯨的蠟狀分泌物）。Amber在英語中原本是龍涎香的名字。為了區分龍涎香和化石樹脂型琥珀（大部分化石樹脂型琥珀發現于波羅的海海岸），後來法語中出現了ambergris（龍涎香）的説法，這個單詞由ambre和gris（同gray，灰）組成。
Species of insects and plants have been found as fossils in this yellowish to brownish amber, and deeply colored, translucent pieces are used in making jewelry and ornamental objects. It is from the color of this resin that amber has come to refer to a dark orange yellow.
這種黃棕色的琥珀中間包裹著昆蟲和植物化石，而顏色濃且透亮的琥珀可以制作珠寶和裝飾品。人們因為琥珀的顏色而用amber來指代暗橘黃色。
5.藤黃 [g m'b ]
Gamboge
Gamboge, also spelled camboge, can be used to describe the vivid yellows of autumn. The name of the color refers to a gum resin from Southeast Asian trees that is used as a yellow pigment and as a purgative. The resin is orange to brown in color but when pulverized turns bright yellow.
Gamboge（藤黃色），也寫作camboge，可用來形容秋天鮮艷的黃色。Gamboge指的是一種源自東南亞樹木上的樹脂膠。這種樹脂膠可以制作黃色顏料和瀉藥，顏色介于橙色和棕色之間，但制成粉末後呈明黃色。
Gamboge is based on New Latin gambogium, an alteration of cambugium, which is either from or akin to the Portuguese name for the country of Cambodia, Camboja. Cambodia also happens to be one of the countries in which the trees producing gamboge are indigenous.
Gamboge的原型是現代拉丁語中的gambogium（cambugium的變型），這個單詞和柬埔寨的葡萄牙語名Camboja非常相似，也可能就來源于此。而柬埔寨本土剛好就有這種樹脂膠的樹木。
6. Scarlet ['skɑ l t]
猩紅
Scarlet was not originally a word for a color but a name for a high-quality cloth, which is believed to have originated in Persia where it was called saqalāt. The word entered English via Anglo-French escarlet—a derivative of the Latin word for the cloth, scarlata—and became associated with bright red colors because the cloth was commonly dyed red.
Scarlet（猩紅）本來不是表示顏色的詞匯，而是一種優質布料的名稱。這種名為saqalāt的布料原産自波斯。英語中的scarlet由諾曼時代英國所用法語中的escarlet演變而來。而escarlet就是這種布料的拉丁文單詞scarlata的衍生詞。由于這種布料通常被染成紅色，scarlet也就和鮮艷的紅色聯繫在一起。
Scarlet is a perfect descriptor for the bright reds of autumn.
用scarlet形容秋天的亮紅色再恰當不過。
7.Maroon [m 'ru n]
栗色
Maroon as the name for a dark red color, derives from French marron, which is the Spanish name for a chestnut. The earliest examples in English of the word refer to the reddish-brown nut, with the color sense dating from the late-18th century.
Maroon指暗紅色，源于法語單詞marron（板栗的西班牙語名稱）。英語中最早用maroon指代紅棕色的板栗，而用其表示顏色可以追溯到18世紀末期。
8. Auburn [' b n]
赤褐色
Prior to the 16th century, auburn would not have been an ideal word to describe an autumn color. It derives ultimately from the Latin word albus, meaning "white," and originally designated a yellowish or brownish white color.
16世紀以前，auburn還不是用來描述秋天顏色的理想詞匯。Auburn最早來源于拉丁語單詞albus，意思是“白色”，原本用來指代黃白色或米白色。
However, by the 16th century, the word's meaning shifted to goldish and reddish shades of brown. It seems variant spellings of the word, such as abrune, abroun, and abrown, that resembled Middle English brun, meaning "brown," brought on the color change.
然而，到16世紀時，auburn的詞義變為金褐色和紅褐色。這似乎是因為auburn的幾種不同拼寫，比如abrune，abroun和abrown與中世紀英語中的brun相似，而brun代表“棕色”。
9.Lurid ['l(j)ʊərɪd]
淡黃色
The ghastly history of lurid makes it a fitting adjective for dying pale-yellow leaves. It is from luridus, the Latin word for such a color, and in the 17th century, it was used to describe the pale yellowish color of diseased or bruised skin.
Lurid（淡黃色）這個單詞陰森的歷史讓它非常適合形容即將枯死的淡黃色樹葉。它來自拉丁文單詞luridus，指淡黃色。到17世紀時，lurid用來形容生病或受傷時蠟黃的膚色。
10. Crimson and carmine ['krɪmz(ə)n], ['kɑːmaɪn]
緋紅和洋紅
Crimson and carmine, words for deep reds, are doublets from the same Arabic source. The color crimson is a deep purplish red that is found in a dye made from pulverized kermes, or the dried bodies of insects. The name of the color and of the insect has been traced back to qirmiz, the Arabic name for the insect. The word crimson entered English in the 15th century via Old Spanish cremesín.
Crimson（緋紅）和carmine（洋紅）代表的都是深紅色，這兩個同源異形詞來自于同一個阿拉伯語詞匯。Crimson（緋紅）是一種深紫紅色染料的顏色，該染料由胭脂蟲粉或者風幹的昆蟲屍體粉末制成。這種顏色和昆蟲的名字源于阿拉伯語單詞qirmiz（這種昆蟲的名字）。15世紀時，從古西班牙語單詞cremesín演變出crimson一詞。
In the 18th century, carmine arrived in English via French as a synonym of crimson.
18世紀時，人們將法語中的carmine引入英語，作為crimson的同義詞。
翻譯&編輯：董靜
審校：yaning
